CYBSAFE LABS

We believe in evidence,
and we build with it

We invest in science, research and the evidence base. Our mission goes beyond our product: we want to end the guesswork in human security.

Science and Research team
Every nudge, every workflow and every line of code at CybSafe is grounded in data, tested hypotheses and continuous learning. When human behaviour is the risk, guesswork is ineffective …and it’s also irresponsible.

CybSafe's dedicated Science and Research team have backgrounds in psychology, cybersecurity and computing, with more than two decades of designing and delivering behaviour change between them. They use behavioural science, cyberpsychology, data analytics and AI – including generative AI and large language models (LLMs) – to change how organisations approach human risk.

Hundreds of companies sell human risk and secure behaviour management tools. Not many have a team of scientists using AI responsibly to advance the whole field.
OUR PRINCIPLES

Our work

Understanding the science of human behaviour is key to reshaping how organisations approach the human aspect of cybersecurity. Our research and innovation rest on four principles:

Rooted in psychology
We apply proven insights from behavioural science to change how people act, not just what they know.
AI, used responsibly
We use AI and large language models (LLMs) to move the field forward. We measure their accuracy as carefully as anything else we test.
Scientifically tested
We test what changes behaviour and why, so nothing rests on assumption.
People-centric
We help people be productive and secure at work. One never comes at the expense of the other.
PARTNERSHIPS

Research collaborations

We build our product through research and collaborations with academic partners at universities including Bath, Bristol, Cardiff, Kent and Northumbria. The aim is to produce the best product we can make, and make a real contribution to academic knowledge and government policy.

Cybersecurity is a wicked problem. Nobody solves it alone, so we work with universities, funders and government to keep people, businesses and nations safe online.

Selected projects

CRANE

CRANE is a new EPSRC-funded network that strengthens the UK’s cybersecurity research ecosystem. It will evaluate new technologies, threats and opportunities for novel research, to bring about tangible security interventions. Read more about the project here.

REPHRAIN

Researchers in Computer Science, International Relations, Law, Psychology, Management, Design, Digital Humanities, Public Policy, Political Science, Criminology and Sociology at Bristol (lead), University College London, Bath, King’s College London and Edinburgh have teamed up to lead an £8.6 million three-year UKRI Research Centre of Excellence, focused on the protection of citizens online. This activity is designed to build and lead the UK’s world-leading interdisciplinary community and provide a clear single path to engage and build capacity with government, industry and citizens. Read more about the project here.

EPSRC CDT in Cyber Secure Everywhere: Resilience in a World of Disappearing System Boundaries

The Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) 'Cyber Secure Everywhere: Resilience in a World of Disappearing System Boundaries' will train at least 50 new doctoral-level graduates to address national cybersecurity capability gaps. It will do this by educating PhD students in both the technical skills needed to study and analyse blended infrastructures. It will also simultaneously train them to understand the challenges as fundamentally human. The training involves close involvement with industry and practitioners who’ve played a key role in co-creating the programme. Read more about the project here.

Cyber Security Quirks

Cyber Security Quirks is funded by the Home Office and part of the Research Institute in Sociotechnical Cyber Security. The project explores the role of personalisation in cybersecurity behaviour interventions by taking account of individual variability.

SPEC

Simulated Phishing and Employee Cyber security behaviour (SPEC) is led by CybSafe in conjunction with the University of Bath. Funded by the Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats, the project explores the impact of simulated phishing emails on employee awareness and work-based outcomes such as productivity and trust. Read more about the project here.

PHISHTRAY

PHISHTRAY is a modifiable open source e-tray software for research and training applications related to social engineering for use in academia and industry. Funded by CPNI and developed by behavioural scientists from the University of Bath and University of Bristol in conjunction with CybSafe.

AP4L

AP4L is a 3-year programme of interdisciplinary research, centring on the online privacy and vulnerability challenges that people face when going through major life transitions. Our central goal is to develop privacy-by-design technologies to protect and empower people during these transitions.

CREST

CybSafe is an associate partner of the Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats, a national hub delivering a world-class, interdisciplinary portfolio of activity that maximises the value of behavioural and social science research to understand, mitigate and counter threats to national security.

PETRAS

The PETRAS Internet of Things Research Hub is a consortium of nine leading UK universities that explore critical issues in privacy, ethics, trust, reliability, acceptability and security relating to Internet of Things (IoT) technology. We currently support the Consumer Security Index project, which explores labelling schemes for consumer products and the Cyber Hygiene project, which covers behaviour change interventions for cybersecurity behaviour.

University of Kent

Dr Jason Nurse, who leads our Science and Research team, also works as an academic at the University of Kent. This collaboration between CybSafe and Kent has led to various joint projects, on topics such as behavioural security, cybersecurity in the home and human risk management.

Research Institute for Sociotechnical Cyber Security

The Research Institute for Sociotechnical Cyber Security is the UK’s first academic Research Institute to focus on understanding the overall security of organisations, including their constituent technology, people and processes. It is now in its second phase.

SPRITE+ hub

The SPRITE+ hub brings together people involved in research, practice and policy, with a focus on digital contexts. We help them identify the future challenges of security, privacy, identity and trust in the digital world.

Safe as Houses: TIPS in Home Office Environments

As a result of COVID-19, many workplaces had to suddenly transition to remote working, despite a lack of training, remote-working policies, or (in some cases) work devices. Coupled with the pressures of working from home in this context (e.g. childcare, impaired work-life balance), this new way of working has changed the risks and challenges surrounding workplace Trust, Identity, Privacy and Security (TIPS). This is exacerbated even further by the increase in cyberattacks specifically targeting remote workers. This work will therefore aim to explore and identify these issues, by taking a socio-technical approach and focusing on small and large organisations. Our goal is to provide key, novel insights into the new challenges and tensions in relation to TIPS in these environments, and provide the much-needed foundation for approaches that address these issues.

Research Advisory Group

We strive to make sure we are doing the best work possible. As such, we have a Research Advisory Group, composed of leading cybersecurity experts, who provide independent high-level strategic advice and input into the development of the Research and Analysis activities conducted at CybSafe.

Resources and events

SebDB

SebDB is the world’s first AI-powered, open-source security behaviour database. It forms the foundation of a fast-evolving behavioural ontology for cybersecurity. Designed and maintained by CybSafe’s Science and Research team as an open-source research initiative, SebDB maps security behaviours to impacts, threat actor tactics, intervention strategies and security frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK and NIST CSF. It brings structure, meaning and actionability to human cyber risk, which has been long overlooked (or misunderstood) in security programmes. sebdb.com

Oh, Behave! The Annual Cybersecurity Attitudes and Behaviors Report

How much do people worry about online safety? And, more to the point, do their concerns align with how they behave? Who’s most likely to spill secrets to AI, and who’s avoiding security training like it’s trying to sell them a timeshare? Maybe you’ve pondered the biggest question of all: Exactly how does all of this impact cybersecurity risk? CybSafe teamed up with the National Cybersecurity Alliance to create The Annual Cybersecurity Attitudes and Behaviors Report, or as it’s known round here, Oh, Behave! It’s the result of digging deep into the online behaviours and beliefs of thousands of people across the globe. Each year’s report is crammed with insights you can’t afford to miss. It reveals hidden patterns, fascinating trends, and provides actionable recommendations to help you protect your organisation. Latest report is here.

Project NEXUS

What people do decides whether controls work. It shapes the vulnerabilities that exist. And it's what every intervention is aiming at. Yet most organisations have no systematic way to reason about behavioural risk. Project NEXUS is building that foundation. It maps behaviour to threats, vulnerabilities, controls and risk outcomes, and gives the field a common language for how behaviour shapes security outcomes. Vendor neutral, openly licensed, and built in the open by a working group of senior practitioners and researchers. Learn more about NEXUS here.

The IMPACT conference

IMPACT is about facilitating discussion and collaboration between academia and industry. It’s about the latest academic research on the human aspect of cybersecurity. World-leading academic experts discuss the latest research implications for policy and practice. theimpactconference.com

Research library

The world’s first globally accessible archive of research into the human aspect of cybersecurity and behavioural science as applied to cybersecurity awareness and online behavioural change. cybsafe.com/research-library

Research publications

Nurse, J. R. C., Dobrontei, S., Webster, J., & Alashe, O. (2026). Toward a behavioral ontology for cybersecurity: Introducing SebDB. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 492-512). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Nurse, J. R. C., Milward, J., & Alashe, O. (2025). From Security Awareness and Training to Human Risk Management in Cybersecurity. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 86-104). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Nurse, J. R. C., Williams, N., Collins, E., Panteli, N., Blythe, J., & Koppelman, B. (2021). Remote working pre-and post-COVID-19: an analysis of new threats and risks to security and privacy. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 583-590). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Blythe, J. M., Gray, A., & Collins, E. (2020). Human cyber risk management by security awareness professionals: Carrots or sticks to drive behaviour change?. In International conference on human-computer interaction (pp. 76-91). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Blythe, J. M., Sombatruang, N., & Johnson, S. D. (2019). What security features and crime prevention advice is communicated in consumer IoT device manuals and support pages?. Journal of Cybersecurity, 5(1).

Change the behaviours that cause breaches. Prove it.